![]() In 1793 Murray took out a second patent on a design for "Instruments and Machines for Spinning Fibrous Materials". The installation included new flax-spinning machines of his own design, which Murray patented in 1790. After some trial and error, to overcome the problem of breakages in the flax twine during the spinning of the flax, sufficient improvements were made to enable John Marshall to undertake the construction of a new mill at Holbeck in 1791, Murray was in charge of the installation. John Marshall had rented a small mill at Adel, for the purpose of manufacture but also to develop a pre-existing flax-spinning machine, with the aid of Matthew Murray. ![]() In 1789, due to a lack of trade in the Darlington flax mills, Murray and his family moved to Leeds to work for John Marshall, who was to become a prominent flax manufacturer. Murray and his wife, Mary, had three daughters and a son, also called Matthew. The following year he moved to Stockton and began work as a journeyman mechanic at the flax mill of John Kendrew in Darlington, where the mechanical spinning of flax had been invented. In 1785, when he concluded his apprenticeship, he married Mary Thompson (1764–1836) of Whickham, County Durham. He left school at fourteen and was apprenticed to be either a blacksmith or a whitesmith. He was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1765. Little is known about Matthew Murray's early years. He was an innovative designer in many fields, including steam engines, machine tools and machinery for the textile industry. corporation and the impact of Pullman porters stretched far beyond the railroad with lasting economic, social and cultural impacts.Matthew Murray (1765 – 20 February 1826) was an English steam engine and machine tool manufacturer, who designed and built the first commercially viable steam locomotive, the twin cylinder Salamanca in 1812. The BSCP was the first African American labor union to sign a collective bargaining agreement with a major U.S. The wages and working conditions were below average for decades and the porters had tried to organize since the beginning of the 20th century. ![]() In the beginning, the Pullman Company hired only African American men for the job of porter. During the heyday of railroad travel, the Pullman Palace Car Company built, owned and operated the majority of the passenger trains and the Pullman porters provided service to the passengers. The Pullman porters organized and founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) in 1925. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton in 1995. Coleman also played an instrumental role in the development of Interstate 66, a major highway serving the Washington, D.C. Department of Transportation, Coleman issued the agency’s first official statement of national transportation policy and established the Materials Transportation Bureau to oversee programs for pipeline safety and the shipment of hazardous materials. secretary of transportation in 1975 and was the first African American to serve in that role. was appointed by President Gerald Ford to serve as the fourth U.S. To learn more, visit the Biography website. In 1920, toward the end of his life, McCoy formed the Elijah McCoy Manufacturing Company to produce lubricators bearing his name. While the majority of his inventions related to lubrication systems, he also developed designs for an ironing board, a lawn sprinkler and other machines. McCoy received nearly 60 patents over the course of his life. He obtained a patent for this invention, which allowed trains to run continuously for long periods of time without stopping for maintenance. After studying the inefficiencies inherent in the existing system of oiling axles, McCoy invented a lubricating cup that distributed oil evenly over the engine’s moving parts. Department of Transportation website.Įlijah McCoy developed his first major invention while working as a fireman and oiler for the Michigan Central Railroad. Beard was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006 in recognition of the Jenny coupler. Unlike the vast majority of inventors who never profit from their patents, Beard received $50,000 for the patent rights to his Jenny coupler – almost $1.5 million in today’s dollars. He also received two patents for rotary steam engine designs. Beard himself had lost a leg in a car coupling accident. The knuckle coupler did the dangerous job of hooking railroad cars together, which previously was done by manually placing a pin in a link between the two cars. Andrew Jackson Beard revolutionized railroad safety with his invention of the Jenny automatic car coupler, which aimed to improve the knuckle coupler patented by Eli Janney in 1873.
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